How do winter tyres actually work?

Winter has a few unpleasant things waiting for drivers: snow, ice, and sub-zero temperatures. Winter car tyres have 10 times more tread than summer tyres at temperatures below 7ºC. Winter tyres, also known as snow tyres, are specifically designed to provide enhanced traction and safety in cold weather conditions. But how do they actually work? 

They are designed with 3D, self-locking threads throughout the entire tread depth for improved grip on dry roads and 10% more tread depth for increased flexibility on slippery surfaces.

Both the tread thickness and composition of winter tyres differ from summer tyres. Winter tyres have deep, wide tread grooves that allow them to handle snow much better. When snow accumulates in the wide tread grooves of winter tyres, it improves traction and power on snow-covered roads.

Rubber compounds

The magic of winter tyres begins with their specialised rubber compounds. Unlike all-season or summer tyres, which may harden in cold temperatures, winter tyres are formulated with softer rubber compounds that remain flexible even in freezing conditions. This flexibility allows the tyre to maintain better contact with the road surface, maximising grip and traction.

Winter tyre rubber contains silica and other additives that enhance its elasticity and grip on icy or wet surfaces. These unique compounds give winter tyres their ability to “bite” into snow and ice, providing drivers with confidence-inspiring traction even in the most challenging conditions.

Deeper tread depth and unique tread patterns

One of the most noticeable features of winter tyres is their deeper tread depth and unique tread patterns. The deeper grooves and sips (tiny slits) in the tread blocks are designed to evacuate snow, slush, and water from the tyre’s contact patch, preventing hydroplaning and improving traction on slippery surfaces.

These features help to dig into snow and ice, providing additional grip and stability during acceleration, braking, and cornering manoeuvres. Some winter tyres even incorporate specialised features like stud holes or metal studs to further enhance traction on ice.

Performance in cold temperatures

Winter tyres are not just for snow-covered roads; they also excel in cold temperatures. As temperatures drop below 7°C (45°F), the rubber compounds used in all-season and summer tyres begin to stiffen, reducing their ability to grip the road surface effectively. Winter tyres, however, remain pliable and grippy even in sub-zero temperatures, ensuring consistent performance and safety throughout the winter months.

Proper tyre maintenance

Regularly checking tyre pressure, rotating tyres, and inspecting tread wear are essential practices for maximising the lifespan and effectiveness of your winter tyres.

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